Datum zveřejnění:

25.9.2016

DOI:  https://doi.org/10.21104/CL.2016.3.03

Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International. Český lid poskytuje otevřený přístup k veškerému svému obsahu v rámci licence
Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International.

Abstrakt:

This article argues for the need of a rapprochement between scholars who study ethnographic and literary ways of knowing minority communities that have limited access to self-representation. While in the past literary critics and cultural anthropologists tended to emphasize their distinctive methodologies and conventions of writing about such communities, this article draws on the work of postmodern anthropologists, critical theorists, literary critics, and historians to demarcate the common ground between ethnography and literature. Through the efforts of Clifford Geertz, James Clifford, Mary Louise Pratt, George Marcus, Michael Fisher, and many others, cultural anthropology has, at least to some extent, come to terms with the limitations of participant observation and the textuality of its product. However, a parallel reckoning has not taken place within literary studies. It is the goal of this article to push the process a step further by emphasizing the mutual indebtedness of literary and ethnographic writing.

Klíčová slova

ethnography;autoethnography;literature;knowledge;cultural patterns;singularity

Text článku

Reference

Anderson, Benedict. 1991. Imagined Communities: Refl ections on the Origin and Spread of Nationalism. Revised Edition ed. London and New York: Verso.

Appadurai, Arjun. 1988. Putting Hierarchy in its Place. Cultural Anthropology 3, 1: 36–49.

Attridge, Derek. 2004. The Singularity of Literature. London: Routledge.

Belenky, Mary Field et al. 1986. Women’s Ways of Knowing: The Development of Self, Voice, and Mind. New York: Basic Books.

Behar, Ruth. 1996. The Vulnerable Observer: Anthropology That Breaks Your Heart. Boston: Beacon Press.

Benson, Paul (ed.). 1993. Anthropology and Literature. Urbana: University of Illinois Press.

Bentley, Nancy. 1995. The Ethnography of Manners: Hawthorne, James, Wharton. New York: Cambridge University Press.

Berger, John. 1977 [1972]. Ways of Seeing. London: Penguin.

Bernstein, Charles. 1992. A Poetics. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.

Buzard, James. 2003. On AutoEthnographic Authority. Yale Journal of Criticism 16, 1: 61–91.

Capetti, Carla. 1993. Writing Chicago: Modernism, Ethnography, and the Novel. New York: Columbia University Press.

Cheung, King-Kok. 2000. Words Matter: Conversations with Asian American Writers. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press.

Clifford, James. 1986. Introduction. In: Clifford, James – Marcus, George E. (eds.): Writing Culture: The Poetics and Politics of Ethnography. Berkeley: University of California Press: 1–26.

Clifford, James. 1988. Predicament of Culture: Twentieth-Century Ethnography, Literature and Art. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press.

Clifford, James. 1989. The Others: Beyond Salvage Paradigm. Third Text 3, 6: 73–78.

Clifford, James. 1997. Routes: Travel and Translation in the Late Twentieth Century. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press.

Clifford, James – Marcus, George E. (eds.). 1986. Writing Culture: The Poetics and Politics of Ethnography. Berkeley: University of California Press.

Culler, Jonathan. 1999. Anderson and the Novel. Diacritics 29, 4: 20–39.

Denning, Greg. 1980. Islands and Beaches: Discourse on a Silent Land, Marquesas 1774–1880. Melbourne: Melbourne University Press.

Edmond, Rod – Smith, Vanessa. 2003. Islands in History and Representation. London: Routledge.

Fabian, Johannes. 1983. Time and the Other: How Anthropology Makes Its Object. New York: Columbia University Press.

Ferens, Dominika. 2002. Edith and Winnifred Eaton: Chinatown Missions and Japanese Romances. Urbana: University of Illinois Press.

Fischer, Michael J. 1986. Ethnicity and the Post-Modern Arts of Memory. In: Clifford, James – Marcus, George E. (eds.): Writing Culture: The Poetics and Politics of Ethnography. Berkeley: University of California Press: 194–233.

Foucault, Michel. 1980. Power/ Knowledge: Selected Interviews and Other Writings 1972–1977. Colin Gordon (ed.). Trans. Colin Gordon et al. Brighton: Harvester Press.

Geertz, Clifford. [1984] 2003. Anti AntiRelativism. In: Darnell, Regna (ed.): American Anthropology 1971–1995: Papers from the American Anthropologist. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press: 416–439.

Handler, Richard. 2005. Critics against Culture: Anthropological Observers of Mass Society. Maridon: University of Wisconsin Press.

Haraway, Donna. 1988. Situated Knowledges: The Science Question in Feminism and the Privilege of Partial Perspective. Feminist Studies 14, 3: 575–599.

Harding, Sandra. 1991. Whose Science? Whose Knowledge? Thinking from Women’s Lives. Ithaca: Cornell.

Huang, Guiyou – Nelson, Emmanuel S. (eds.). 2003. Asian American Short Story Writers: An A-to-Z Guide. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press.

Keesing, Felix M. 1958. Cultural Anthropology: The Science of Custom. New York: Rinehart.

Keesing, Roger M. – Keesing, Felix M. 1971. New Perspectives in Cultural Anthropology. New York: Holt.

Kim, Elaine H. 1982. Asian American Literature: An Introduction to the Writings and Their Social Context. Philadelphia: Temple University Press.

Loxley, Diana. 1990. Problematic Shores: Literature of Islands. London: Macmillan.

Malinowski, Bronisław. 1984 [1922]. Argonauts of the Western Pacifi c: An Account of Native Enterprise and Adventure in the Archipelagoes of Melanesian New Guinea. Long Grove, Ill.: Waveland Press.

Marcus, George E. – Fischer, Michael M. J. 1986. Anthropology as Cultural Critique: The Experimental Moment in the Human Sciences. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

Mead, Margaret. 1973 [1928]. Coming of Age in Samoa: A Psychological Study of Primitive Youth for Western Civilization. New York: Morrow and Co.

Messerschmidt, Donald A. (ed.). 1981. Anthropologists at Home in North America: Methods and Issues in the Study of One’s Own Society. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Motzafi -Haller, Pnina. 1997. Writing Birthright: On Native Anthropologists and the Politics of Representation. In: Reed-Danahay, Deborah E. (ed.): Auto/ Ethnography: Rewriting the Self and the Social. Oxford: Berg: 195–222.

Nycz, Ryszard. 2006. Wprowadzenie. Kulturowa natura, słaby profesjonalizm. Kilka uwag o podmiocie poznania literackiego i statusie dyskursu literaturoznawczego. In: Markowski,

Michał Paweł – Nycz, Ryszard (eds.): Kulturowa teoria literatury. Główne pojęcia i problemy. Kraków: Universitas.

Palumbo-Liu, David. 1995. Universalisms and Minority Culture. Differences 7, 1: 188–208.

Powdermaker, Hortense. 1966. Stranger and Friend: The Way of an Anthropologist. New York: W.W. Norton and Company.

Reed-Danahay, Deborah. 1997. Introduction. In: Reed-Danahay, Deborah E. (ed.): Auto/Ethnography: Rewriting the Self and the Social. Oxford: Berg: 1–17.

Rose, Dan. 1993. Ethnography as a Form of Life: The Written Word and the Work of the World. In: Benson, Paul (ed.): Anthropology and Literature. Urbana: University of Illinois Press: 192–224.

Spivak, Gayatri Chakravorty. 1988. Can the Subaltern Speak? In: Nelson, Cary – Grossberg, Lawrence (eds.): Marxism and the interpretation of Culture. Chicago: University of Illinois Press: 271–313.

Stocking, George W. 1992. The Ethnographer’s Magic and Other Essays in the History of Anthropology. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press.

Tallman, Janet. 2002. The Ethnographic Novel: Finding the Insider’s Voice. In: De Angelis, Rose (ed.): Between Anthropology and Literature: Interdisciplinary Discourse. London: Routledge: 11–22.

Tedlock, Barbara. 1995. Works and Wives: On the Sexual Division of Textual Labor. In: Behar, Ruth – Gordon, Deborah A. (eds.): Women Writing Culture. Berkeley: University of California Press: 267–286.

Torgovnick, Marianna. 1990. Gone Primitive: Savage Intellects, Modern Lives. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

Trinh, T. Minh-Ha. 1989. Woman, Native, Other: Writing Postcoloniality and Feminism. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.

Turner, Edith. 1993. Experience and Poetics in Anthropological Writing. In: Benson, Paul (ed.): Anthropology and Literature. Urbana: University of Illinois Press: 27–47.

Van Maanen, John. 1988. Tales of the Field: On Writing Ethnography. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

Westbrook, David A. 2008. Navigators of the Contemporary: Why Ethnography Matters. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

Wolf, Margery. 1992. A Thrice-Told Tale: Feminism, Postmodernism, and Ethnographic Responsibility. Stanford: Stanford University Press.

Wong, Sau-ling Cynthia. 1992. Autobiography as Guided Chinatown Tour? Maxine Hong Kingston’s The Woman Warrior and the Chinese American Autobiographical controversy. In: Payne, James Robert (ed.): Multicultural Autobiography: American Lives. Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press: 248–279.

Yu, Henry. 2001. Thinking Orientals: Contact and Exoticism in Modern America. New York: Oxford University Press.