Datum zveřejnění:
15.2.2014
Český lid poskytuje otevřený přístup k veškerému svému obsahu v rámci licenceCreative Commons Attribution NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International.
Abstrakt:
The aim of the article is to critically reassess relation between moral and economy of agents from the poorest class. The relational concept of the poorest class designates here homeless, drug-users, and some poor individuals generally that all have common particular social practices on the one hand and a position within of the social space on the other hand. The theoretical-conceptual frame of the article is the theory of practice of Pierre Bourdieu, “the nested geography” of Adrian Smith and Alison Stenning, and the approach to a moral economy of Jonathan Parry and Maurice Bloch. Based on the ethnographic research in the urban environment of the city of Pilsen the article put forth consistent definitions of used concepts – i.e. economic practices, moral, and moral economy – and relation among them that have heretofore been missing in the urban poverty studies. Instead of studies that just vaguely point out existence of sharing or other form of reciprocal behavior, the article offers empirically-based conceptualization of the moral economy. In this definition it stands as response to poverty and marginalization of the researched agents. It is therefore an expression of moral dimension of habitus and stands as complementary strategy to economic practices and economic systems within that is an agent or a group of agents involved.
Klíčová slova
homelessness; the poorest class; economic practices; strategy of ambivalent moral; moral economy; poverty; marginalization; ethnography; Czech Republic
Text článku
Reference
Anderson, Elijah: 2000 – Code of the Street: decency, violence, and amoral life of the inner city.
New York: W. W. Norton & Company.
Bahr, Howard M.: 1973 – Skid Row: Introduction to Disaffiliation. New York: Oxford University
Press.
Bogue, Donald J.: 1963 – Skid Row in American Cities. Chicago: Community and Family Study
center, University of Chicago.
Bourdieu, Pierre: 1964 – The Attitude of the Algerian peasant toward time. In: Julian Pitt-Rivers
(ed.) Mediterranean Countryman: Essays in the Social Anthropology of the Mediterranean.
Paris: Mounton and Co.: 55–72.
Bourdieu, Pierre: 1998 – Teorie jednání. Praha: Karolinum.
Bourdieu, Pierre: 2005a (1972) – Outline of a Theory of Practice. Cambridge: Cambridge
University Press.
Bourdieu, Pierre: 2005b (1980) – The Logic of Practice. Cambridge: Polity Press.
Bourgois, Phillipe – Schonberg, Jeff: 2009 – Righteous Dopefiend. Berkeley: University of
California Press.
Browne, Katherine E. – Milgram, Lynne B. (eds.): 2009 – Economics and Morality: Anthropological
Approaches. Lanham: Altamira Press.
Flåto, Maja – Johannessen, Katja: 2010 – Economic Strategies among Long-Term Homeless: The
Concept of Harvesting Economy. European Journal of Homelessness 4: 89–109.
Granovetter, Mark: 1973 – The Strength of Weak Ties. American Journal of Sociology 78: 6:
1360–1380.
Hejnal, Ondřej: 2011 – Etnografie (extrémní) chudoby: Teoretické a empirické implikace výz-
kumu bezdomovců. (online) AntropoWebzin 3: 7: 171–175 (cit. 5. 1. 2012). Dostupné z:
<antropologie.zcu.cz/etnografie-extremni-chudoby-teoreticke-a-empiricke-implikace-
vyzkumu-bezdomovcu>.
Hejnal, Ondřej: 2012 – Antropologův den mezi „klienty represe“: Zúčastněné pozorování bezdo-
movců ve středně velkém městě. AntropoWebzin 8: 3: 141–52.
Hejnal, Ondřej: 2013a – Hilton jako „fekální dvůr“: Socioprostorové aspekty bezdomovectví.
Sociologický časopis / Czech Sociological Review 49: 2: 241–267.
Hejnal, Ondřej: 2013b – Anachorický bezdomovec: Purifikace a transgrese veřejného prostoru.
Český lid 100: 449–467.
Humphrey, Caroline – Hugh-Jones, Stephen: 1992 – Barter. Exchange and value:An anthropologi-
cal approach. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Lofland, John: 1995 – Analytic Ethnography. Journal of Contemporary Ethnography 24: 30–67.
Marcus, Anthony: 2005 – The Culture of Poverty Revisited: Bringing Back the Working Class.
Anthropologica 47: 1: 35–52.
MAXQDA 11.2. Berlin: VERBI GmbH.
Parry, Jonathan – Bloch, Maurice: 1989 – The Money and the Morality of Exchange. In: Parry,
Jonathan – Bloch, Maurice (eds.): Money and morality of exchange. Cambridge: University of
Cambridge Press: 1–32.
Rice, Stuart A.: 1918 – The Homeless. Annals for the American Academy of Political and Social
Science 77: 140–157.
Rossi, Peter H.: 1989 – Down and Out in America. The Origins of Homelessness. Chicago: The
University of Chicago Press.
Rowe, Stacy – Wolch, Jennifer: 1990: Social Network in Time and Space: Homeless Woman in
Skid Row, Los Angeles. Annals of the Association of American Geographers 80: 2: 184–204.
Ruddick, Susan M.: 1996 – Young and Homeless in Hollywood. Mapping Social Identities. New
York: Routledge.
Růžička, Michal – Vašát, Petr: 2011 – Základní koncepty Pierra Bourdieu: pole – kapitál – habitus.
AntropoWebzin 7: 2: 129–133.
Scott, John: 2000 – Social Network Analysis. London: Sage.
Smith, Adrian – Stenning, Alison: 2006 – Beyond household economies: articulations and spaces
of economic practice in postsocialism. Progress in Human Geography 30: 2: 190–213.
Snow, David A. – Anderson, Leon: 1993 – Down on Thein Luck. A Study of Homeless Street
People. Berkley: University of California Press.
Snow, David A. – Morril, Calvin – Anderson, Leon: 2003. Elaborating Analytic Ethnography:
Linking Fieldwork and Theory. Ethnography 4: 2: 181–200.
Spradley, James: 1980 – Partcipant Observation. New York: Holt, Rinehart, and Winston.
The Community Economies Collective: 2001 – Imagining and enacting noncapitalist futures.
Socialist Review 28: 3–4: 93–135.
Toušek, Ladislav et al.: 2009 – Analýza situace „bezdomovců“ v Plzni včetně identifikace jejich
počtu. Plzeň: CAAT.
Vašát, Petr: 2012a – Mezi rezistencí a adaptací: Každodenní praxe třídy nejchudších. Sociologický
časopis / Czech Sociological Review 48: 2: 247–282.
Vašát, Petr: 2012b – Studium bezdomovectví v USA: inspirace pro výzkum v České republice.
Český lid 99: 129–149.
Vašát, Petr: 2014 – „Předevčírem, nebo kdy to bylo?“: Nástin temporalizace třídy nejchudších.
Sociologický časopis / Czech Sociological Review 50: 1: v tisku.
Wacquant, Loic: 2002 – Scrutinizing the Street: Poverty, Morality, and the Pitfalls of Urban
Ethnography. American Journal of Sociology 107: 6: 1468–1532.
Wagner, David: 1993 – Checkeboard Square. Culture and Resistence in a Homeless Community.
Boulder: Westview Press.
Wagner, David – Cohen, Marcia B.: 1991 – Power of the People: Homeless Protesters in the
Aftermatch of Social Movement Participation. Social Problems 38: 4: 543–561.
Wallace, Samuel E.: 1968 – The Road to Skid Row. Social Problems 16: 1: 92–105.
Warner, Lloyd W. – Lunt, Paul S.: 1941 – The Social Life of a Modern Community. New Haven,
CT: Yale University Press.
Wiseman, Jacqueline: 1970 – Stations of the Lost: the Treatment of Skid Row Alcoholics. Chicago:
University of Chicago Press.
Wright, Talmidge: 1997 – Out of Place. Homeless Mobilizations, Subcities, and Contested
Landscapes. New York: State University of New York.