Datum zveřejnění:

25.3.2017

DOI:  https://doi.org/10.21104/CL.2017.1.01

Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International. Český lid poskytuje otevřený přístup k veškerému svému obsahu v rámci licence
Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International.

Abstrakt:

Since the start of this decade external borders of the European Union have increasingly become sites of hardship, uncertainty, danger and death as hundreds of thousands of people every year attempt to enter Europe to escape war and poverty in North and Sub-Saharan Africa and the Middle East. The year 2015 saw the arrival of over one million people via maritime routes, an unprecedented number that caused panic among politicians on the continent and unsettled societies of the “old” and the “new” European Union. Neo-nationalist and neo-fascist parties and movements gained significant ground. In June of 2016 voters in the United Kingdom chose to leave the European Union in the Brexit referendum whose erratic consequences will continue to play out for some time to come. The migratory crisis of the previous year fuelled the “Leave” vote by creating the perception that immigration to the EU is unchecked, and that the UK must “take control of its borders.” While it is not yet known what exactly is meant by “taking control,” we can observe that as a result of these events the terms and conditions of migration, mobility and citizenship in Europe are shifting. In this talk I will argue that this is a shift away from what I call the neoliberal-humanitarian consensus towards a new model whose exact shape is as yet undetermined, but whose emergent features are illuminated by recent anthropological scholarship. Drawing on the UK case study I will show that the control of borders and regulation of mobility is undergoing a distinct anti-humanitarian turn. I will explore the significance and prospects of this new anti-humanitarianism and the possibilities of anthropological insight.

Klíčová slova

migration, borders, Brexit, Mediterranean, anthropology

Text článku

Reference

Albahari, Maurizio. 2015. Crimes of
Peace. Mediterranean Migrations
and the World’s Deadliest Border.
Philadelphia: Penn Press.
Andersson, Ruben. 2014. Illegality,
Inc. Clandestine Migration and
the Business of Bordering Europe.
Berkeley: U of California Press.
Borneman, John. 1998. Subversions of
International Order: Studies in the
Political Anthropology of Culture. Albany:
State University of New York Press.
Cox, Simon. 2016. “The Migration Control
Fantasy.” [2016-09-27] Retrieved
from: https://www.newsdeeply.
com/refugees/articles/2016/07/07/
the-migration-control-fantasy.
De Genova, Nicholas – Peutz, Nathalie
(eds.). 2009. The Deportation Regime.
Sovereignty, Space and the Freedom
of Movement. Durham, NC and
London: Duke University Press.
Deutsche Welle. 2016. “Poland abandons
promise to take in refugees after Brussels
attacks.” [2016-09-27] Retrieved from:
www.dw.com/en/poland-
abandons-promise-to-take-in-refugees-
after-brussels-attacks/a-19137258.
Dzenovska, Dace. 2014. “‘We Want to
Hear from You’: How Informing
Works in a Liberal Democracy.” In:
Migration: A COMPAS Anthology. B.
Anderson and M. Keith (eds.). COMPAS,
Oxford. [2016-09-27] Retrieved from:
compasanthology.co.uk/.
Fassin, Didier. 2005. “Compassion and
Repression: The Moral Economy
of Immigration Policies in France.”
Cultural Anthropology 20: 362–387.
Fassin, Didier. 2011. “Policing Borders,
Producing Boundaries. The
Governmentality of Immigration in Dark
Times.” Annu. Rev. Anthropol. 40: 213–226.
Favell, Adrian. 2008. Eurostars and
Eurocities: Free Movement and
Mobility in an Integrating Europe.
Malden, Mass.: Blackwell.
Feldman, Gregory. 2012. The migration
apparatus: security, labor, and policy
making in the European Union. Palo
Alto: Stanford University Press.
Follis, Karolina. 2012. Building Fortress
Europe. The Polish-Ukrainian
Frontier. Philadelphia: University
of Pennsylvania Press.
Follis, Karolina. 2015. “Responsibility,
Emergency, Blame: Reporting on Migrant
Deaths at the Council of Europe,”
Journal of Human Rights 14(1): 41–62.
18 Český lid 104 1 2017
Follis, Karolina. 2016. “Ethnography up the
stream: the UK ‘let them drown’ policy
and the politics of bordering Europe.”
In: Externalizing Migration Management:
Europe, North America and the spread
of ‘remote control’ practices. Zaiotti,
R. (ed.). London: Routledge: 72–88.
Good, Anthony. 2007. Anthropology and
Expertise in the British Asylum Courts.
New York: Routledge-Cavendish.
Green, Sarah. 2013. “Borders and
the Relocation of Europe.” Annu.
Rev. Anthropol. 42: 345–361.
Green, Sarah at al. 2016. Brexit Referendum:
first reactions from anthropology.
Forum. Social Anthropology 24: 478–502.
Hodges, Dan. 2014. ‘Drown an immigrant
to save an immigrant: why is the
Government borrowing policy from the
BNP?’ The Telegraph 28 October. [2016-
09-27] Retrieved from: http://www.
telegraph.co.uk/news/politics/11192208/
Drown-an-immigrant-to save-
animmigrant-why-is-the-Government-
borrowing-policy-from-the-BNP.html.
Home Office. 2016. National Statistics.
Removals and voluntary departures.
[2016-09-27] Retrieved from: https://
www.gov.uk/government/publications/
immigration-statistics-october-
to-december-2015/removals-and-
voluntary-departures#key-facts.
Migration Observatory. 2016. “EU
Migration to and from the UK.” [2016-
09-27] Retrieved from: http://
www.migrationobservatory.
ox.ac.uk/resources/briefings/
eu-migration-to-and-from-the-uk/.
Mountz, Alison. 2010. Seeking Asylum. Human
Smuggling and Bureaucracy at the Border.
Minneapolis: U of Minnesota Press.
Mountz, Alison – Hiemstra, Nancy
2012. “Spatial strategies for
rebordering human migration at
sea.” In: A Companion to Border
Studies. Ed. T. M. Wilson, H. Donnan,
New York: Blackwell: 455–472.
PACE. 2012. “Lives lost in the Mediterranean
Sea: Who is responsible?” [2016-08-
30] Retrieved from: http://assembly.
coe.int/ASP/XRef/X2H-DW-XSL.
asp?fileid=18095&lang=en.
PACE. 2014. The large-scale arrival of
mixed migratory flows to Italian
coastal areas. [2015-10-17] Retrieved
from: assembly.coe.int/
nw/xml/XRef/Xref-DocDetails-EN.
asp?fileid=20941&lang=EN.
Peers, Steven. 2015. “Can the UK opt-out of
mandatory EU refugee quotas?” [2015-10-
17] Retrieved from: http://eulawanalysis.
blogspot.co.uk/2015/05/can-uk-opt-
out-of-mandatory-eu-refugee.html.
Riley-Smith, Ben. 2016. “EU referendum:
George Osborne compares Ukip
‘breaking point’ migration poster
to Nazi propaganda.” [2016-09-
27] Retrieved from: http://www.
telegraph.co.uk/news/2016/06/19/eu-
referendum-campaigning-resumes-
as-jeremy-corbyn-and-michael-g2/.
Stein, Felix. 2016. “Anthropology,
Brexit and Xenophobia in Europe”.
Association for Political and Legal
Anthropology. [2016-09-27] Retrieved
from: https://politicalandlegalanthro.
org/2016/06/28/anthropology-brexit-
and-xenophobia-in-europe/.
Tazzioli, Martina. 2016. “Eurosur,
Humanitarian Visibility, and (Nearly) Real-
time Mapping in the Mediterranean”.
ACME: An International Journal for
Critical Geographies 15: 561–579.
Ticktin, Miriam. 2006. “Where Ethics
and Politics Meet: The Violence
of Humanitarianism in France.”
American Ethnologist 33: 33–49.
Travis, Alan. 2013. “Go home’ vans resulted
in 11 people leaving Britain, says report.”
[2016-11-23] Retrieved from: https://
www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2013/
oct/31/go-home-vans-11-leave-britain.
Turner, M. 2002. Migrants ‘do not hurt job
prospects’. Financial Times. London (UK).
UK Parliament. 2014. Daily Hansard,
Wednesday 15 October 2015. [2015-
02-27] Retrieved from: http://www.
publications.parliament.uk/pa/ld201415/
ldhansrd/text/141015w0001.htm.
Zaiotti, Ruben (ed.). 2016. Externalizing
Migration Management: Europe, North
America and the spread of ‘remote
control’ practices. London: Routledge.