Date of publishing:

25.9.2024

DOI:  https://doi.org/10.21104/CL.2024.3.02

Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International. The Český lid provides open access to all of its content under license
Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International.

Abstract:

The paper discusses the transformation of the industrial landscape after the restoration of Lithuania's Independence and post-Soviet deindustrialisation, and the aspects communicating the meaning of this changes. It focuses on the changes identified visually, and within the materiality of the built environment. The paper analyses the people’s perception of the changed Soviet industrial landscape and the meanings the industrial places gain in transformation. It shows that the sense of an “empty place” rest in people's experiences, and their memories about what Soviet industrial districts were. But it became evident that an “empty place” is a transitional stage that creates the conditions to the emergence of new beginnings. The paper unfolds that today the industrial districts are active places in which various individual economic activities and economic structure emerge. The research is based on two Lithuanian Soviet industrial cities of Alytus and Marijampolė.

Keywords

landscape, industrial place, visuality, post-Soviet deindustrialisation, Lithuania

Article Text

References

Sources
Alytaus eksperimentinis namų statybos kombinatas: reklaminis leidinys. 1987. Kaunas: LTSR prekybos ir pramonės rūmai.
Alytaus eksperimentinis namų statybos kombinatas: reklaminis leidinys. 1990. Vilnius: Gildija.
Alytaus Lietuvos Komunistų partijos 60-mečio medvilnės kombinatas: informacinis leidinys. 1980. Vilnius: Eksperimentinis meninio konstravimo biuras.
Balčiūnas, Vytautas. 1976. Alytus privalo tapti mūsų laikmečio miestu. Statyba ir Architektūra 1, 200: 7–10.
Janonis, Bronislavas. 1992. Monstras suskilo į 11 monstriukų. Alytaus naujienos 207, 7383, 15. 12. 1992: 1–2.
Liekis, Algimantas. 1972. Alytaus mėsos kombinatą bestatant. Statyba ir architektūra 8, 159: 2.
Lietuvos Respublikos Vyriausybės ir Lenkijos Respublikos Vyriausybės sutartis dėl bevizinio važiavimo. 1993. e-seimas.lrs.lt [on-line]. [2023-10-29]. Available at: e-seimas.lrs.lt/portal/legalAct/lt/TAD/TAIS.11158
Lietuvos socialinė raida 1990 metais. 1991. Vilnius: Informacinis-leidybinis centras.
Lithuanian Department of Statistics. 2021. Lietuvos gyventojai (2021 m. leidimas). Oficialiosios statistikos portalas [on-line]. [2023-10-29]. Available at: osp.stat.gov.lt/lietuvos-gyventojai-2021/salies-gyventojai/miesto-ir-kaimo-gyventojai.
Kaunas Regional State Archives (hereinafter referred to as KRSA), fonds R–1705 Lietuvos TSR ekonominio administracinio rajono, rajoninio planavimo eksperimentinė schema. Technoekonominis pranešimas apie miestų išvystymą ir pirminį pramonės išdėstymą, inv. no. 4, file. 2, page 129. The document dated 1963.

Bibliography
Chelcea, Liviu. 2015. Postindustrial Ecologies: Industrial Rubble, Nature, and the Limits of Representation. Parcours anthropologiques 10: 185–200. doi.org/10.4000/pa.448
Cowie, Jefferson – Heathcott, Joseph. 2003. Introduction: The Meanings of Deindustrialization. In: Cowie, Jefferson – Heathcott, Joseph (eds.): Beyond the Ruins: The Meanings of Deindustrialization. Ithaca: ILR Press: 1–15.
Dzenovska, Dace. 2011. Notes on Emptiness and the Importance of Maintaining Life. Anthropology of East Europe Review 29, 2: 228–241.
Dzenovska, Dace. 2018. Emptiness and its futures: Staying and leaving as tactics of life in Latvia. Focaal: Journal of Global and Historical Anthropology 80: 16–29. doi.org/10.3167/fcl.2018.800102
Dzenovska, Dace. 2020. Emptiness: Capitalism without people in the Latvian countryside. American ethnologist 47, 1: 10–26. doi.org/10.1111/amet.12867
De Certeau, Michael. 1988. The Practice of Everyday Life. Berkeley – Los Angeles – London: University of California Press.
Drėmaitė, Marija. 2017. Baltic Modernism: Architecture and Housing in Soviet Lithuania. Berlin: DOM Publishers.
Edensor, Tim. 2005a. Industrial Ruins: Spaces, Aesthetics and Materiality. Oxford, New York: Berg.
Edensor, Tim. 2005b. The ghosts of industrial ruins: ordering and disordering memory in excessive space. Environment and Planning D: Society and Space 23: 829–849. doi.org/10.1068/d58j
Edensor, Tim. 2016. Walking Through Ruins. In: Ingold, Tim – Vergunst, Jo Lee (eds.): Ways of Walking: Ethnography and Practice on Foot. Abingdon – New York: Routledge: 123–141. doi.org/10.4324/9781315234250
Evans, Michael, J. – Roberts, Alexa – Nelson, Peggy. 2001. Ethnographic Landscape. CRM 24, 5: 53–56.
Graeber, David. 2020. Anarchistinės antropologijos fragmentai. Vilnius: Hubris.
Gordillo, Gastón R. 2014. Rubble: the afterlife of destruction. Durham and London: Duke University Press.
Ingold, Tim. 1993. The Temporality of the Landscape. World Archeology 25, 2: 152–174.
Ingold, Tim. 2004. Culture on the Ground: The World Perceived Through the Feet. Journal of Material Culture 9, 3: 315–340. doi.org/10.1177/1359183504046896
Ingold, Tim – Vergunst, Jo Lee. 2016. Introduction. In: Ingold, Tim – Vergunst, Jo Lee (eds.): Ways of Walking: Ethnography and Practice on Foot. Abingdon, New York: Routledge: 1–19. doi.org/10.4324/9781315234250
Jenks, Chris – Neves, Tiago. 2000. A walk on the wild side: Urban ethnography meets the Flâneur, Journal for Cultural Research 4, 1: 1–17. doi.org/10.1080/14797580009367183
Jurčikonytė, Aušra. 2016. Sovietinė industrija ir poindustrinės atmintys: Alytaus namų statybos kombinatas. Lietuvos etnologija: socialinės antropologijos ir etnologijos studijos 16, 25: 155–175.
Kaźmierska, Kaja. 2006. The Border as an Individual and Collective Experience – The Sejny Case. In: Kurczewska, Joanna (ed.): Polish Borders and Borderlands in the Making: From the Field Studies of Polish Sociologists and Anthropologists. Warsaw: IFiS Publishers: 63–87.
Khatchadourian, Lori. 2022. Life extempore: Trials of Ruination in the Twilight Zone of Soviet Industry. Cultural Anthropology 37, 2: 317–348. doi.org/10.14506/ca37.2.10
Khlinovskaya Rockhill, Elena. 2017. The Afterlife of northern Development: Ghost Towns in the Russian Far North. In: Vaccaro, Ismael – Harper, Kristina – Murray, Seth (eds.): The Anthropology of Postindustrialism: Ethnographies of Disconnection. New York, London: Routledge: 56–72. doi.org/10.4324/9781315672311
Kunce, Aleksandra. 2019. A place that invites dwelling and reconciliation back: on the anthropology of a post-industrial place. In: Kunce, Aleksandra (ed.): Post-industrial places as the subject of transdisciplinary studies: from design to rootedness. Gdańsk: Wydawnictwo Naukowe Katedra: 17–71.
Kurtović, Larisa. 2020. When All That Is Solid Does Not Melt into Air: Labor, Politics and Materiality in a Bosnian Detergent Factory. PoLAR: Political and Legal Anthropology Review 43, 2: 228–246. doi.org/10.1111/plar.12380
Low, Kelvin E. Y. 2015. The Sensuous City: Sensory Methodologies in Urban Ethnographic Research. Ethnography 16, 3: 295–312. doi.org/10.1177/1466138114552938
Lund, Anna Katrín – Benediktsson, Karl. 2010. Introduction: Starting a Conversation with Landscape. In: Benediktsson, Karl – Lund, Anna Katrín (eds.): Conversations with Landscape. Ashgate e-book: 1–12.
Pelkmans, Mathijs. 2013. Ruins of hope in a Kyrgyz post-industrial wasteland. Anthropology Today 29, 5: 16–20. doi.org/10.1111/1467-8322.12060
Seamon, David. Life takes place: phenomenology, lifeworlds and place making. New York and London: Routledge.
Simmel, Georg. 1958. Two Essays. The Hudson Review 11, 3: 371–385.
Stoler, Ann, Laura. 2016. Duress: Imperial Durabilities in Our Times. Durham and London: Duke University Press. doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv125jn2s
Tilley, Christopher. 1994. A Phenomenology of Landscape: Places, Paths and Monuments. Oxford/Providence: Berg Publishers.
Tilley, Christopher – Cameron-Daum, Kate. 2017. An Anthropology of Landscape: The Extraordinary in the Ordinary. London: UCLPRESS.
Tsing Lowenhaupt, Anna. 2015. The Mushroom at the End of the World: On the Possibility of Life in
Capitalist Ruins. Princeton and Oxford: Princeton University Press.
Vaccaro, Ismael – Harper, Kristina – Murray, Seth. 2017. The Anthropology of Postindustrialism: Ethnographies of Disconnection. In: Vaccaro, Ismael – Harper, Kristina – Murray, Seth (ed.): The Anthropology of Postindustrialism: Ethnographies of Disconnection. New York, London: Routledge: 1–21. doi.org/10.4324/9781315672311
Varfolomeeva, Anna. 2023. The nothingness myth: Creation and collapse of a Soviet industrial settlement. Focaal: Journal of Global and Historical Anthropology 96: 16–31. doi.org/10.3167/fcl.2023.960102
Wunderlich, Filipa Matos. 2008. Walking and Rythmicity: Sensing Urban Space. Journal of Urban Design 13, 1: 125–139. doi.org/10.1080/13574800701803472