Datum zveřejnění:
25.9.2025
DOI: https://doi.org/10.21104/CL.2025.3.02

Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International.
Abstrakt:
Using the concept of symbolic efficacy, the article analyses why the discourse and practices of personal development are considered effective. The article explores the experience of personal development practices interwoven with holistic spiritualities and the issues connected to the workplace. It is based on qualitative research conducted with Slovak workers between 2020 and 2022. While it draws on data from more than twenty semi-structured interviews, the analysis focuses on six individuals working in high-level management who actively engage in holistic spiritualities. It shows how they cultivate personal development practices together with lived religion, emphasising the holistic, self-aware, and authentic self that contributes to the development of the ethical self via self-care, ethical leadership and consumption and corporate social responsibility. These tools of personal development are in synch with the new spirit of capitalism, embracing artistic and social critique.
Klíčová slova
Sociology of work; new spirit of capitalism; over-humanisation; lived religion; spirituality
Text článku
Reference
Aupers, Stef – Houtman, Dick. 2010. Beyond the Spiritual Supermarket. The Social and Public Significance of New Age Spirituality. In: Aupers, Stef – Houtman, Dick (eds.): Religions of Modernity. Relocating the Sacred to the Self and the Digital. Leiden: Brill: 135–160. doi.org/10.1163/ej.9789004184510.i-273.54
Bártová, Zuzana. 2024. Personal Development and Religion in the Workplace in Slovakia. From Life Meaning to Religious Selves. Religion 54, 1: 108–125. doi.org/10.1080/0048721X.2023.2277017
Baykal, Elif. 2020. Mindfulness and Mindful Coaching. In: Baykal, Elif (ed.): Handbook of Research on Positive Organizational Behavior for Improved Workplace Performance. Hershey: PA IGI Global: 72–85. doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-0058-3.ch005
Beckford, James A. 1984. Holistic Imagery and Ethics in New Religious and Healing Movements. Social Compass 31, 2/3: 259–272. doi.org/10.1177/003776868403100209
Bednárik, Rastislav. 2018. Nové javy na trhu práce v Slovenskej republike. Od rigidného k segmentovanému trhu práce. Sociológia a spoločnosť 3, 1: 2–18.
Berg, Justin M. – Grant, Adam M. – Johnson, Victoria. 2010. When Callings are Calling: Crafting Work and Leisure in Pursuit of Unanswered Occupational Callings. Organization Science 21, 5: 973–994. doi.org/10.1287/orsc.1090.0497
Birknerová, Zuzana – Čigarská, Barbara N. – Vojtilová, Veronika – Gabrhelová, Gabriela. 2022. Coaching in the Field of Business Management. Journal of Management and Business: Research and Practice 14, 1: 1–12. doi.org/10.54933/jmbrp-2022-14-1-3
Bohle, Dorothee – Greskovits, Béla. 2012. Capitalist Diversity on Europe’s Periphery. New York: Cornell University Press.
Boltanski, Luc – Chiappello, Ève. 1999. Le nouvel esprit du capitalisme. Paris: Gallimard.
Bovbjerg, Kirsten Marie. 2010. Ethics of Sensitivity. Towards a New Work Ethic. In: Aupers, Stef – Houtman, Dick (ed.): Religions of Modernity. Relocating the Sacred to the Self and the Digital. Leiden: Brill: 115–133. doi.org/10.1163/ej.9789004184510.i-273.46
Brunel, Valérie. 2008. Les managers de l’âme. Le développement personnel en entreprise, nouvelle pratique de pouvoir? Paris: La Découverte.
Burkitt, Ian. 2012. Emotional Reflexivity. Feeling, Emotion and Imagination in Reflexive
Dialogues. Sociology 46, 3: 458–472. doi.org/10.1177/0038038511422587
Bužeková, Tatiana. 2012. Posvätná ženskosť a autorita. Rodová stratifikácia neošamanských skupín. Cargo 10, 1–2: 61–88.
Caillé, Alain – Prades, Pierre. 2015. Y croire. Retour sur l’»efficacité symbolique«. Revue du MAUSS 46, 2: 291–318.
Campbell, Colin. 1972. The Cult, the Cultic Milieu and Secularization. A sociological Yearbook of Religion in Britain 5: 119–136.
Carrette, Jeremy – King, Richard. 2005. Selling Spirituality. The Silent Takeover of Religion. London – New York: Routledge.
Deák, Dušan. 2010. Neohinduizmus a propagácia jeho myšlienok na Slovensku. In: Deák, Dušan et al. (ed.): Alternatíva, životný štýl, identita? Niekoľko pohľadov na súčasnú slovenskú spoločnosť. Magma: Čadca: 75–113.
Dunn, Elizabeth C. 2004. Privatizing Poland. Baby Food, Big Business, and the Remaking of Labor. Ithaca: Cornell University Press.
Gal, Zotan – Schmidt, Andrea. 2017. Geoeconomics in Central and Eastern Europe. Implications of FDI. In: Munoz, J. Mark (ed.): Advances in Geoeconomics. London: Routledge: 75–92.
Gauthier, François. 2020. Religion, Modernity, Globalisation. Nation-State to Market. London: Routledge.
Gauthier, François. 2025. Wellbeing-oriented Spiritualities as a Global Phenomenon in Risk Societies, Journal of Beliefs & Values: 1–19. doi.org/10.1080/13617672.2024.2437607
Gog, Sorin. 2020. Neo-liberal Subjectivities and the Emergence of Spiritual Entrepreneurship. An Analysis of Spiritual Development Programs in Contemporary Romania. Social Compass 67, 1: 103–119. doi.org/10.1177/0037768619895168
Hanegraaff, W. J. 2009. New Age Religion. In: Woodhead, Linda – Kawanami, Hiroko – Partridge, Christopher (eds.): Religions in the Modern World. Traditions and Transformations. London – New York: Routledge: 339–356.
Heelas, Paul – Woodhead, Linda – Seel, Benjamin – Szerszynski, Bronislaw – Tusting, Karin Patricia. 2005. The Spiritual Revolution. Why Religion is Giving Way to Spirituality. Malden: Blackwell.
Chen, Carolyn. 2022. Work Pray Code. When Work Becomes Religion in Silicon Valley. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
Jerotijević, Danijela – Hagovská. Martina. 2020. Making the Connections: Interpretation of Life Events among Women Practitioners of Alternative Spirituality in Slovakia. Religion and Society in Central and Eastern Europe 13, 1: 43–60. doi.org/10.20413/rascee.2020.12.1.43-60
Illouz, Eva. 2008. Saving the Modern Soul. Therapy: Emotions, and the Culture of Self-help.
Berkeley: University of California Press.
Introvigne, Massimo. 2005. Le New Age, des origines à nos jours. Courants, mouvements, personnalités. Paris: Éditions Dervy.
Kalleberg, Arne L. 2011. Good Jobs, Bad Jobs. The Rise of Polarized and Precarious Employment Systems in the United States, 1970s to 2000s. New York: Russell Sage Foundation.
Kapusta, Jan – Kostićová, Zuzana Marie. 2020. From the Trees to the Wood: Alternative Spirituality as an Emergent “Official Religion”? Journal of Religion in Europe 13, 3–4: 187–213.
Karbovnik, Damien. 2019. Le développement personnel est-il une forme de religiosité séculière? [Konferenční příspěvěk]. Conference Religiosités séculières et sacré laïque, Épinal, France.
Lévi-Strauss, Claude. 1958. Antrhopologie structurale. Paris: Plon.
Linhart, Danièle. 2015. La comédie humaine du travail. De la déshumanisation taylorieenne à la surhumanisation managériale. Paris: Erès.
Macháčková, Lucia – Dojčár, Martin. 2002. Duchovná scéna na Slovensku II. Bratislava: Ústav pre vzťahy štátu a církví.
Marquis, Nicolas. 2014. Du bien-être au marché du malaise: la société du développement personnel. Paris: Presses universitaires de France.
McGee, Micki. 2005. Self-help, Inc. Makeover Culture in America. New York: Oxford University Press.
McGee, Micki. 2012. From Makeover Media to Remaking Culture. Four Directions for the Critical Study of Self-Help Culture. Sociology Compass 6, 9: 685–693. doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-9020.2012.00485.x
McGuire, Meredith B. 2008. Lived Religion. Faith and Practices in Everyday Life. New York: Oxford University Press.
Méda, Dominique – Vendramin, Patricia. 2013. Réinventer le travail. Paris: Presses Universitaires de France.
Obadia, Lionel. 2013. “Désoccidentaliser” encore les sciences des religions? L’anthropologie contemporaine et la modélisation des traditions asiatiques en France et en Europe. Revue des sciences sociales 49: 122–129.
Pagis, Michal. 2021. Inhabiting the Self-Work Romantic Utopia Positive Psychology, Life Coaching, and the Challenge of Self-Fulfillment at Work. Work and Occupations 48, 1: 40–69. doi.org/10.1177/0730888420911683
Pagis, Michal – Elbaz, Ayala – Ben Yair, Yitzhak. 2025. The Different Faces of Religion in Therapy: An Exploratory Qualitative Study of a Religion-Based Therapeutic Community for Addiction Recovery in Israel. Journal of Religion and Health 64, 1: 64–81. doi.org/10.1007/s10943-024-02152-y
Pessi, Anne Birgitta – Salonen, Anna Sofia. 2023. “If you are in the search of eternity—live in the present, live in love”: intersubjectivity and its relation to religion and spirituality in self-help literature. Journal of Contemporary Religion 38, 1: 117–135. doi.org/10.1080/13537903.2022.2138025
Prades, Pierre. 2013. De la conversion à la guérison: puritanisme, psychothérapies, développement personnel. Doktorská práce. Université Paris Ouest Nanterre La Défense.
Prades, Pierre. 2015. Comment pouvons-nous être des héritiers du puritantism sans le savoir? Revue du Mauss permanente [on-line]. [2025-04-29]. Dostupné z: journaldumauss.net/spip.php.
Rievajová, Eva – Pongrácz, Eva– Klimko, Roman. 2016. Trh práce a politika zamestnanosti. Bratislava: Ekonóm.
Riutort, Philippe. 2019. Précis de sociologie. Paris: Presses universitaires de France.
Salman, Scarlett. 2021. Aux bons soins du capitalisme. Le coaching en entreprise. Paris: Presses Sciences Po.
Sointu, Eeva – Woodhead, Linda. 2008. Spirituality, Gender, and Expressive Selfhood.Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion 47, 2: 259–276. doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-5906.2008.00406.x
Scott, Kim. 2017. Radical Candor. Be a Kick-ass Boss Without Losing Your Humanity. New York: St. Martin's Press.
Štefánik, Miroslav. 2018. Labour Market in Slovakia 2019. Bratislava: Centre of Social and Psychological Sciences.
Stevens, Hélène. 2011. De l’intervention psychosociologique au développement personnel dansl’entreprise. Esquisse d’une généalogie des relations entre management et psychologie en France. Regards Sociologiques 41/42: 57–74.
Stevens, Hélène. 2012. Autonomie récusée, autonomie fabriquée. Informaticiens à l’épreuve de l’entreprise de soi. Genèses 87, 2: 90–112. doi.org/10.3917/gen.087.0090
Taylor, Charles. 1991. The Ethics of Authenticity. Cambridge – London: Harvard University Press.
Tížik, Miroslav. 2022. Forms of Non/Religiosity in Slovakia After 1989. Religions 13, 7, 605. doi.org/10.3390/rel13070605
Vincett, Giselle – Woodhead, Linda. 2009. Spirituality. In: Woodhead, Linda – Kawanami, Hiriko – Partridge, Christopher (eds.): Religions in the Modern World.
Traditions and Transformations. London: Routledge: 319–337.
Weber, Max. 1963. The Sociology of Religion. Boston: Beacon Press.