Datum zveřejnění:
1.3.2016
DOI: https://doi.org/10.21104/CL.2016.1.07
Český lid poskytuje otevřený přístup k veškerému svému obsahu v rámci licenceCreative Commons Attribution NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International.
Abstrakt:
Local communities in non-Western countries are often treated by international institutions as rather passive subjects, which need to be taught by experts and re-organized according to Western socioeconomic models. As a result of such an approach, many development agencies tend to overlook and omit the locals’ own forms of social activity and their ideas of self-organization. In this article I would like to focus on the bottom-up process of change in contemporary Mongolia and the Mongolians’ own, idiomatic ideas and practices of initiating and arranging development. I refer to a research conducted in the Bulgan sum, which is located on the southern slopes of the Altai. I mainly focus on the post-transitional economic activities in Bulgan, which involve collective management of goods and new kinds of business related to cross-border trade. In the study I write about informal networks and self-organisation of Torghut businessmen.
Klíčová slova
development, self-organization, prosperity, buyan, Torghuts, Mongolia
Text článku
Reference
Arce, A.; Long N. 2000 Anthropology, Developement and Modernities, London.
Crewe, E.; Harrison, E. 2002 Whose Developement? An Ehnography of Aid, New York.
Empson R. 2014 An Economy of Temporary Possession, Malinowski Memorial Lecture 2014 www.lse.ac.uk/publicEvents/events/2014/05/20140522t1800vOT.aspx
Empson R. 2012 The Danger of Excess. Accumulating and Dispersing Fortune in Mongolia, “Social Analysis”, 1 (56): 1-12.
Ferguson, J., 1994. The Anti-Politics Machine. „Developement”, Depolitization and Bureaucratic Power in Lesotho, Cambridge.
Humphrey, C. 2002. The Unmaking of Soviet Life. Everyday Economies after Socialism, London: Cornell University Press.
Hobart, M. 1993. An Anthropological Critique of Development. The Growth of Ignorance, London: Routledge.
Humphrey, C. 2012. Favors and “Normal Heroes”. The Case of Postsocialist Higher Education. “HAU: Journal of Ethnographic Theory” 2 (2): 22-41.
Humphrey C., Ujeed, H. 2012 Fortune in the Wind. An Impersonal Subjectivity, “Social Analysis”, 2 ( 56): 152-167.
Humphrey, C.; Sneath D. 1999. The End of Nomadism? Society, State and the Environment in Inner Asia, Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press.
Mosse, D. 2005, Cultivating Development. An Ethnography of Aid Policy and Practice, London.
Mróz, L. 1977 . Rytm torguckiego koczowania, „Etnografia Polska”, 1 (21): 137-153.
Pfaffenberger B. 1992 Technology and Social Change, “Annual Review of Anthropology”, 21: 491-516.
Rostow, W. 1960 The Stages of Economic Growth: A Non-Communist Manifesto. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Sneath, D. 2003 Land-Use, the Environment and Development in Post-socialist Mongolia, “Oxford Development Studies”, 4 (31): 441-458.
Sneath, D. 2006 Transacting and Enacting: Corruption, Obligation and the Use of Monies in Mongolia, ”Ethnos”, 1 (71): 89-112.
Sneath, D. 2002 Mongolia in the ‘Age of Market’. Pastoral Land-use and the Developement Discourse, in (eds.) C. Humphrey, R. Mandel, Markets and Moralities. Ethnographies of Postsocialism, Oxford.
Szynkiewicz, S., 1981, Rodzina pasterska w Mongolii, Wrocław
Szynkiewicz, S. 1993, Mongolia’s Nomads Built a New Society Again: Social Structures and Obligations In the Eve of Privatisation, “Nomadic Peoples”, 33: 163-172.
Stolte, I. 2013 Transcending Religion: Intersection between spatial, Social and Mental Mobility in Contemporary Mongolia, in Mobilizing Religion: Networks and Mobility, report on the crossroads Asia Conference, Institute of Oriental and Asian Studies, Bonn.
Szynkiewicz, S. 1981 Rodzina pasterska w Mongolii, Wrocław
Szynkiewcz, S., Potkański T., 1993 The Social Context of Liberalisation of the Mongolian Pastoral Economy, (a report), Ułan Bator.
Szynkiewicz, S. 1977 Torguci Mongolii. Uwagi na tle pierwszych badań etnograficznych wśród Torgutów ałtajskich, „Etnografia Polska”, (1)21: 118-136.
Tangad, O. 2013 Scheda po Czyngis Chanie. Demokracja po mongolsku, Warszawa: Wydawnictwo Trio.
Vilareal, M. 2007. Power and Self-Identity. The Beekeepers of Ayuquila. in (eds.) M. Melhuus, K. Stolen, Machos, Mistresses, Madonnas. Contesting the Power of Latin American Gender Imagery, New York.
Wheeler, A. 2004 Moralities of the Mongolian „Market”; A Genealogy of Trade Relations and the Zah Zeel, “Inner Asia” 6: 215-238.